Frequently Asked Questions
LIFTING CHAIN
GRADE 80 AND GRADE 100
How can I tell the difference in the range of chains?
When chains are manufactured they are marked or stamped with a manufacturers mark and/or its grade at regular link intervals (usually no more than every 0.5m). Grade 80 chains are marked with an 8, 80, 800 or T. Grade 100 chains are marked with a 10, 100 or a V. Although chains are usually sold in different colours, colour is does not have any relation to the grade of chain.
Can I use Grade 80 & Grade 100 chain in a corrosive environment?
G80 & G100 chain and fittings should not be used in acidic or other corrosive environments. Please contact your nearest Ranger branch for more information about the use of our chains in these types of environments.
What is the Australian Standard for Grade 80 & Grade 100 Chain?
G80 & G100 chain is manufactured to conform to the mechanical properties specified in Australian Standard AS2321.
What are the markings on chains?
Each manufacturer may mark their chain in a different manner to distinguish its grade or type. However, most rated lifting chains should at least have its grade marked at regular link intervals.
Is there an Australian Standard to cover G80 & G100 Chain Slings?
Factory assembled chain slings are tested and tagged in accordance with AS 3775.
Can I weld Grade 80 & Grade 100 chain?
No. Do not weld G80 & G100 Chain or fittings to another material or try to join them. The heat applied during the welding process would be detrimental to the product and would adversely and significantly compromise its performance.
Can I galvanise or plate Grade 80 & Grade 100 chain?
No. G80 & G100 Chain and fittings must never be hot dip galvanised, mechanically galvanised or electroplated, except by the original manufacturer. The heat that would transfer to the product during the galvanising or plating process would be significantly detrimental to the product.
Are Grade 80 & Grade 100 chain and fittings heat treated?
G80 & G100 chain & fittings are heat treated under strict supervision during the production process. They do not require periodic eat treatment and must never be reheated by customers or end users.
What is the difference between Grade 80 chain and Grade 100 chain?
Grade 80 chain is the most commonly used and available lifting chain for sling configuration within the Lifting Industry. Grade 100 Chain has a 20% higher lifting capacity and was specifically developed in Europe to reduce the weight of the assembled chain slings.
How often should I inspect my chains?
There are two types of inspections as defined by Australian Standards: In service and Periodic.
In service – The user should check a chain sling before each use to ensure it is free from damage and wear.
Periodic – Australian standard state the chains slings need to be inspected by a competent person based on their frequency of use. See Ranger for the table and the exact wording for competent person.
Is it possible to purchase chain sling assemblies that have no mechanical joining devices?
Ranger can provide fully welded chain sling assemblies that have no mechanical joining devices. Prices and lead times are available upon request.
Under what heat conditions can Grade 80 & Grade 100 chain slings be used?
Where temperatures are likely to be higher than 200C reductions in the working load limits of G80 & G100 Chain Slings should be applied. Talk to our team as each manufacturer could be different.
Can Grade 80 & Grade 100 components be used together in one chain sling?
Yes, however the WLL of the weakest component of the chain sling needs to be adhered to and this needs to be the WLL stated on the tag. If you are unsure, please contact one of our certified technicians on 1300 SLINGS.
GRADE 120
What is Grade 120?
Grade 120 is a relatively new chain grade developed out of Europe to enable the user to achieve similar WLL as traditional Grade 80 but in one size smaller. G120 is 50% stronger than G80 and is 20% stronger than G100.
What sizes does Grade 120 come in?
It is currently manufactured from 6mm up to 16mm.
What standard does Grade 120 fall under?
Currently there is no standard for G120 as the product is quite new. However, G120 is based around the G80 & G100 standards and fully conforms to the same requirements and the same qualities or limitations apply.
Can I weld, galvanise or plate Grade 120 chain?
No. Never weld, galvanise or plate G120 chain or fittings to another material or try to join them. The heat applied during the welding or galvanising process would be significantly compromise the products and its performance.
GRADE 60
What is Grade 60?
Grade 60 is a stainless steel grade of lifting chain, available in sizes 4-18mm. Grade 60 is rated with a working load and complies with AS 4344.
Where would Grade 60 be used?
Grade 60 stainless steel lifting chains and accessories can be used in different corrosive environments and at higher temperatures compared to normal lifting accessories. It is typically used in pump stations, sewage treatments, food industries and marine environments.
WIRE ROPE
What type of wire rope can I use on cranes ?
As most cranes are manufactured overseas not all constructions are readily available in Australia and therefore you have to be careful with what ropes you use. You can substitute the wire construction of the wire rope but must maintain the same kN rating or higher.
Can I use galvanised or self coloured wire rope in the same application?
In most cases you can replace a self coloured wire rope with a galvanised rope, where there is a corrosive environment the galvanised wire rope should be replaced with a galvanised wire rope.
Can I use a fibre core wire rope on my multilayer winch?
No. Using a fibre core wire rope on a multilayer winches cause the wire to flatten, the use of an IWRC (Independent Wire Rope Core) is used which prevents the flattening of the wire.
I have damage my wire rope can I cut some off and keep using it?
Yes the damage rope can be cut (cropped). However this should be done by someone certified. Ranger can do this whilst assessing how badly the damaged rope is and if the amount of rope remaining is a workable length. It could also be the sheave causing the damage so these can also be inspected.
I am not sure if my crane ropes are ok. What do I do?
If you are unsure you should tag them out of service immediately. Then contact Ranger who have highly trained technicians who can inspect and advice you what is the best direction moving forward.
How can I extend the life of my wire rope?
Ranger offer specialised services that will extend the service life of wire rope. These include cleaning and lubricating of wire rope as well as Magnetic Rope Testing (MRT). MRT is method of checking for defects and deterioration in wire ropes by magnetising a section of rope and detecting for changes in the magnetic field around the rope.
What Grade does wire rope come in?
Wire ropes come in a variety of grades with the most common being Improved Plow Steel (Grade 1770) and Extra Improved Plow Steel (Grade 1960). For many lifting projects these are the grades supplied.
The 1570, 1770, 1960, and 2160 values in the ISO grades indicate the number of newton force units required for each square millimetre of area of cross-sectional metal in a rope to make up its minimum breaking force. The associated minimum breaking force values are typically expressed in kilonewtons (kN) or metric tons of 2,204 lbs.
Plow steel is rated the same as 1570 whilst Improved Plow Steel is rated the same as 1770 and Extra Improved Plow Steel is rated the same as 1960.
Will the end fitting change the wire ropes capacity?
Some end fittings will most definitely reduce the rated capacity of the wire rope, the amount of reduction dose depend to the fitting that will be used.
Can I use wire rope grips (Bulldog Grips) for lifting?
Wire Rope Grips can be used for guying and rigging applications only and must not be used for lifting applications.
How is wire rope constructed?
Wire rope is composed of individual wires that are twisted to form strands. The strands are then twisted to form a rope construction. The numbers indicate its construction. For example: in 6X19 wire rope, as shown at left, the first number is the number of strands (6); the second number is how many wires make up one strand (19).
What is non rotational wire rope?
Non-rotational wire rope is specifically designed in a way that reduces the possibility of it spinning under load. The outer layer is twisted in the reverse direction of inner layers for counteracting torsional forces generated from multi-layers of strands. With this type of wire rope the use of a swivel is not recommended.
Various classes of non-rotating wire-rope are available so call us today on 1300SLINGS to discuss your application and we can advise on a solution for you.
MATERIAL HANDLING
MANUAL HOISTS AND WINCHES
What is the difference between a Chain Block and a Chain Hoist?
A chain block is a manual lifting device. A chain hoist is a power-operated lifting device.
What is the difference between a Chain Block and a Lever Block?
The mechanics inside are similar however a chain block is designed to lift vertically where as a lever block was designed to be used horizontally and vertically. There are a few chain blocks that can be used outside of the 5 degrees of vertical but manufacturers user guide needs to be followed and de-rating may need to be applied.
What lengths do Chain Blocks come in?
Chain blocks come standard in 3m and 6m height of lift. Other height of lifts can be made as required.
What lengths do Lever Blocks come in?
Lever blocks come standard in 1.5m and 3m but can be rechained in other lengths if required.
What is overload protection?
This is a feature that is available in some brands of chain and lever blocks to prevent the user from overloading the block.
What are the best lever blocks for harsh environments?
Depending on the environment whether it is underground, subsea or in other corrosive environment the block would be different. Contact your local Ranger branch and speak with a technical representative to discuss what block would suit your needs best.
Can a chain block be used while operator is to the side or above the block?
Most common chain blocks do not allow for overhead or side use as the design limitation of the hand/pocket wheel does not allow for it. The Yale 360 hand wheel rotates a full revolution allowing the user to use from all angles.
What is the best Chain Block to use to drift a load?
The Yale 360s design allows the user to operate the blocks and angles outside the 5 degrees and stay outside of the danger zone. Ranger recommend the Yale block for drifting loads, refer to manufacturers guide for this.
ELECTRIC HOISTS AND WINCHES
Are Electric Hoists available in an explosive proof version?
No. However, Ranger do have air operated explosion proof hoists available.
What does the IP rating for an electric hoist refer to?
The IP rating is a weather protection rating. IP means ingress protection and is shown, for example, as IP55. The first number relates to dust protection. 5 means the unit is sealed to prevent sufficient dust entering the hoist which could interfere with normal operation. The second number relates to water ingress. A rating of 5 stipulates the hoist is protected against low pressure water jets from all directions.
Can I add chain to extend the height of lift of a hoist?
Chain can not be joined together to extend the lift height of any hoisting product. To satisfy this requirement, a new length of chain must be purchased and fitted by a competent person. It then needs to be tested to ensure the product has been assembled correctly and recertified.
Where can I get my hoists serviced?
Ranger can service or arrange service of most brands of hoists within Australia.
Is the emergency stop feature standard on Electric Chain Hoists?
Yes it is, allowing the motor power to be disconnected from the main power supply in any emergency.
Can I use an Electric Hoist upside down?
No, due to the mechanics and lubricants in the hoist, this is not a recommended practice. However, Ranger has a range of hoists that are specifically designed for the entertainment industry that can be used in the inverted position.
Which hoists are suited for use in the entertainment industry?
Ranger has a wide range of hoists that are suited for operation in the entertainment industry. Contact your nearest Ranger branch and speak with one of our technical sales team to advise what would best suit your needs.
Can Electric Hoists be supplied with longer lift heights?
Yes. Electric Hoists are available in many different lift heights to suit your requirements. However take note of a hoists duty cycle, they are prone to overheat when used excessively or with longer lengths. Another type of hoist maybe a better option.
Can Electric Hoists be used outdoors?
Yes, Hoists that are rated IP55 or IP65. This means they have protection from direct jet spray and dust particles. Also they have a strong epoxy coated painted body and the load chain is Nickel-plated, which is corrosion and abrasion resistant. However to better protect the hoist in external applications extra weather cover is recommended.
Do you get 2 pendants with electric hoist and motorised trolley combinations?
These come with one pendant that controls the entire assembly with makes use easy for the operator.
Can an Electric Hoist be used to lift personnel?
Yes, however the feature required to do so is not standard so an Electric chain hoist needs to upgraded to meet the requirements of
Australian Standard AS 2550.
SHACKLES
What standards do shackles relate to?
The Australian standard for shackles is AS2741
What grade of steel are shackles made of?
The most commonly found shackles are made from Grade S steel. They also come other other grades such as G80.
Can I use my shackle to lift on the side?
A shackle is not designed to lift on the side or at the 45 degree angle but if this cannot be avoided WLL reductions need to taken into account. See front of Rangers shackle catalogue for the formula.
What is the max angle I can use my shackle at?
Bow shackles have a maximum design angle of 120 degrees and must not be exceeded. A Dee shackle is designed for only vertical lifts
Can I use shackles in a corrosive environment?
No. Grade S shackles particularly should not be used in acidic or other corrosive environments due to the threat of hydrogen embrittlement. Please contact Ranger on 1300SLINGS for more information about the use of other shackles in these types of environments.
Under what heat conditions can shackles be used?
Where temperatures are likely to be higher than 200c reductions in the working load limits of shackles need be applied. Contact Ranger for advice.
What shackles are best for heavy lift use with round slings?
Wide body sling shackles are the best shackle to use with round slings especially when it is a heavy lift (30t+). The wider body increases the angle of the sling around the shackle which minimises the heat caused within the sling.
SYNTHETIC LIFTING SLINGS AND TOWING STROPS
What shackles are best for use with heavy lift round slings?
Wide body sling shackles are the best shackle to use with round slings especially when it is a heavy lift (30t+).The wider body increases the angle of the sling around the shackle which minimises the heat caused within the sling.
How often do my sings needed to be inspected?
Current Australian Standards state Round and Flat slings need to be inspected every 3 months.
When do i need to use sling protection?
Whenever there is a sharp or abrasive corner sling protectors should be used. When the D-to-d ratio is quite small sling protectors can be used to increase the angle as well as protect the sling.
What sling protection should I use?
There is a whole range of sling protectors on the market and a whole range of costs. Depending on what is being lifted and the WLL the right protector may change. It is best to contact your local Ranger branch to discuss the needs with one of our staff.
LIFTING POINTS
What types of lifting points are available?
There are bolt or weld types of lifting points and they can be swivel or fixed.
What is the Australian standard for Lifting Points?
The Australian standard for lifting points is AS 2317 and it is currently under review to now cover G80, G100 and G120 lifting points.
Do lifting points need to be load tested once installed?
Any lifting point then is secured in place by friction, welding and adhesive should be load tested, screw in type lifting points should be installed as per manufacturer’s requirements.
TURNBUCKLES AND RIGGING SREWS
What is the difference between a Turnbuckle and Rigging Screw?
With a turnbuckle the threaded ends are visually exposed where as a rigging screw has a bottle type body enclosing the threaded ends.
What is the Australian Standard for Turnbuckles and Rigging Screws?
The current Australian standards for Turnbuckles and Rigging Screws is AS 2319.
Can a Rigging Screw or Turnbuckle be used for lifting?
Yes, however they need to be stamped on the body with the WLL. If there is not WLL stamped then they cannot be used for lifting.
What grades do they come in?
The most common grades of steel that Turnbuckles and Rigging Screws are made out of are Grade L, Grade P, Grade S and commercial grade. Commercial grade is not designed for lifting.
Can they be used as a part of a height safety static line?
Yes, however a rated turnbuckle or rigging screw needs to be used with a min rating of 21kN
Where are Turnbuckles and Rigging Screw commonly used?
Both turnbuckles and riggings screws are more commonly used in guying and rigging applications.
GENERAL PURPOSE CHAIN AND FITTINGS
GENERAL PURPOSE CHAIN
What is meant by general purpose chain?
General purpose chain is more commonly referred to as Proof Coil Chain. It is made in a variety of link sizes for a wide range of industrial and agricultural non-lifting purposes eg, fences, barriers, roof supports, etc. Proof Coil Chain comes in two link formations; regular and long. It does not have a stamping every 0.5m.
What is Calibrated chain?
A chain is calibrated when each link is pulled to an exact length and pitch. This is necessary when it is used within a sprocket wheel. Calibrated chain is fitted to devices such as hoists and chain blocks so it aligns with the internal gears and runs smoothly. Calibrated hand chain is also used to operate manual chain blocks, manual geared trolleys, roller doors etc.
What is Grade L and P chain?
Grade L & P are chains that are designed for lifting. Grade L chain is more commonly used as anchor chain and lifting chain in galvanising factories due to the environment in which they are used the lower grade steel that make this chain holds up better in these corrosive environments.
Do you have hand chains suitable for roller doors?
5mm long link calibrated hand chain which is electro zinc plated is best suited for roller door type applications.
Can you buy individual links of chain?
Chain is manufactured in a continuous length on automated chain making machines which do not allow individual links to be manufactured. If individual links are required, you must purchase double the amount of links needed and cut every second link.
Does Ranger supply stainless steel chain?
Yes, Ranger supply stainless steel chain for a whole range of applications, please contact your nearest branch and speak with one of our technical sales team to advise what product would suit.
What is Flail Chain?
Flail Chain is used to remove bark from timber. It is specifically hardened to wear well in an abrasive environment.
TRAILER CHAIN
What is different about Trailer Safety Chain?
Trailer Safety Chain, unlike Proof Coil Chain must go through extra processes and testing to ensure it complies with the requirements of Australian Standard 4177.4 – ‘Caravan and light trailer towing components Part 4: Safety chains up to 3500kg capacity’.
What are the ramifications of not using Trailer Safety Chain?
Liability could be possilble in the event of an accident if any components do not comply with Australian Design rule 62/01 – Mechanical connections between vehicles, liability and lawsuits are possible.
Why does Trailer Safety Chain come in 8, 10 and 13mm sizes?
Trailers above 3.5 tonnes Aggregate Trailer Mass are subject to comply with other regulations and may incorporate chain from Australian Standard, AS 2321 for ‘Short Link Chain for Lifting Purposes’ which encompasses a range of Grade 80 chain. There are minimal practical applications for the 6mm size. It also difficult to stamp, which is a requirement of Australian Standard 4177.4. The most common ‘box-trailers’ up to 3.5 tonnes utilise the 8mm, 10mm & 13mm Trailer Safety Chain in accordance with the appropriate Australian Design Rules.
What are the different sizes of Trailer Safety Chain used for?
Trailer Safety Chain is designed in sizes according to the capacities required on the Aggregate Trailer Mass (ATM). 8mm is for trailers up to 1.6 tonnes ATM (Stamped ‘PWB 4177-16’). 10mm is for trailers up to 2.5 tonnes ATM (Stamped ‘PWB 4177-25’). 13mm is for trailers up to 3.5 tonnes ATM (stamped ‘PWB 4177-35’).
What is the difference between Self-Colour TSC and Galvanised TSC?
Self- colour (natural steel finish) chain can be welded directly on to the drawbar and the trailer may then be painted or galvanised. Hot-dip Galvanising is a process designed to prevent oxidation (rust) and deterioration of the product. Galvanised TSC cannot be welded easily.
Can I lift with Trailer Safety Chain?
Trailer Safety Chain is not suitable for industrial lifting purposes.
LOAD RESTRAINT
TRAILER CHAIN
What is Transport Chain made for?
Made for use as a load restraint in the transport industry for use as a tie down, its properties are that is it quite strong and does not have any stretch in it.
What standards does transport chain come under?
Conforms to Australian Standard AS 4344 – Cargo Restraint Systems – Transport Chain and Components”.
What markings are on Transport chain?
Chains are clearly marked with their lashing capacities and can be supplied in bulk quantities or in the form of load binding kits, with a range of suitable grab and claw hooks.
What tiedown is best to use?
This all comes down to what is being tied down and how abrasiving the load is. Straps are very easy to use and do not mark the load but can be easily cut. Chain is strong but is heavy and needs strong load binders to tie down loads, this can cause damage to the load.
What is the safest load binder to use?
The Maxi binder and the Ergo Webdog are the safety load binders to use.
Can I buy corner protectors to protect against damage?
Yes, Ranger can supply heavy duty edge protectors for use with chain or lighter weight ones for use with ratchet straps.
ENGINEERED PRODUCTS
What is an engineered product?
Engineered products are manufactured items that have been designed for a specific reason or task. An in-house engineer has determined all calculations and stresses to ensure the item is correctly designed for the specific task and meets the required Australian Standard requirement.
What is the Australian Standards for engineered products?
Engineered products for lifting falls under the Australian standard AS 4991.
Can I make my own lifting device?
Yes, as long as the correct engineering process has been performed, the stress analysis calculations have been determined and verified and all the other requirements in the standards are met. We would suggest you discuss your project with us so we can advise you accordingly.
Why does it have to be tested?
The engineering calculations and any mechanical points need to be verified by a physical load test to ensure they are correct and that no permanent deformation is present.
How often does it need to be inspection?
As required by Australian Standard, engineered products need to be checked at a maximum interval of 12 months. More regular inspections are recommended if the engineered product is frequently.
Do engineered products have to be registered with SafeWork Australia?
No. However man riding/handling equipment and cages need to have the design registered with SafeWork Australia.
HEIGHT SAFETY AND CONFINED SPACES
Do I need to be trained to wear a harness?
Yes, under Australian Standard if you are work at a height where you are at risk of falling you are required to wear a harness and to complete an accredited Working at Heights course.
What is the australian standard for harnesses?
The Australian Standard for Harnesses is AS 1891.1
When do I need to wear a harness?
Under Australian Standards when you are working at a height of 2 meters or more and there is a risk of a fall.
What harness can I wear when welding?
When welding the use of a harness and lanyard manufactured out heat resistance webbing is required as general purpose harness are manufactured out of polyester and will burn if any contact with weld splatter.
What is the difference between fall arrest and fall restraint?
Fall restraint means we can work at height with no risk of falling but all this equipment must still be rated for fall arrest, in fall arrest this means we are working where there is a risk of falling and all equipment used should rated to reduce the load on a person and limit the amount of fall were possible.
When do I need to work in fall restraint?
Wherever possible you should try to work in fall restraint meaning take out the possibility of a fall.
Can I work at heights without a harness?
The only way you can work at heights without a harness is when any chance of a fall is completely eliminated. This can be done with scaffolding, handrails etc.
How often am I required to have equipment inspected?
Under Australian Standards AS1891 all equipment should be inspected prior to use and every six months by a competent person.
What is a Height Safety Engineered System?
A system that is installed permanently on a roof or a structure that has been engineered to allow people to walk along the roof or structure freely. The system could be wire rope or a rail system. The system generally works in tandem with anchor points being installed for access.
Who can I get to install a Height Safety System and walkway on my roof?
Ranger are certified installers for a range of installed systems. Please contact your nearest Ranger branch to discuss your needs with one of our technical specialists.
How often do I need to have my height safety engineered system inspected?
Most systems are required to be inspected yearly and, depending on the environment that they are installed in, more frequent inspections may be required.
What is an anchor point?
An anchor point, or anchorage, is one component of a personal fall arrest system, which is designed to prevent injury to workers should they fall from their worksite. This refers specifically to the point at which an anchoring device is affixed, fastened, tied, or otherwise connected to a support location.